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Microsorum grossum

(Langsd. & Fisch.) S.B.Andrews (1990)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Polypodiaceae Genus: Microsorum

laua‘e [lauae], laua‘e [lauae], maile scented fern, maile-scented fern, wart fern

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • Used for hula altars (kuahu) and as hula adornment (Pukui 1942), scenting kapa and for lei (Valier 1995:34–35).

  • Yes

CULTURE

  • Makana, Hanalei, Kaua‘i;

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • Laua‘e can thrive in graden soil, potting mox, or uncut moss that is well-drained; moist to moist/dry. Lighting should be medium to high (Hoshizaki & Moran 2002:387).

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Potentially Naturalizing
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Bibliography

Name Published In: Ferns of Queensland: 280 (1990)

Other References

Warren et al. 1994:26 (Ka? [as P. scolopendria, observed but no spm.]); Palmer 2003:205 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as Phymatosorus grossus]); Staples & Herbst 2005:43 (DESCR [as M. scolopendria]); Oppenheimer 2006:13 (NEWNAT/WM [as P. scolopendria]); Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016:591 (Syn. P. grossus = M. grossum, Syn. P. scolopendria = M. scolopendria); Palmer & Thomas in press (M. scolopendria misapplied = M. grossum)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Microsorum grossum Kaaawa Valley, North ridge On grassy or shrubby slopes. Abundant, seeming native. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11084 Oahu BISH 1931-04-12
2 Microsorum grossum Kailua: NW ridge of Puu Olomana Dry, Lantana-covered ridge. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9035 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
3 Microsorum grossum Honaunau In wet, shaded Psidium-Schinus thicket. Common. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5062 Hawaii BISH 1974-10-09
4 Microsorum grossum Hoary Head Mts, Laaukahi, Haiku Bare land slide Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13481 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
5 Microsorum grossum East Maui, Along Hana Airport Road Growing with Cuscuta, Aleurites-Brassis [?] Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 134 Maui BISH 1972-12-19
6 Microsorum grossum Kipahulu roadsides Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1778 Maui BISH 1919-12-09
7 Microsorum grossum Kaipapau Valley Shady rocks. Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3507 Oahu BISH 1932-03-27
8 Microsorum grossum Wailupe, on west slope of Wailupe Gulch in upper haole koa zone at base of rock outcrop On slope. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37286 Oahu BISH 1937-03-02
9 Microsorum grossum Bottom of Punaula Valley On mossy rocks. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12830 Molokai BISH 1932-12-28
10 Microsorum grossum Hanalei District. Going towards Haena along Hwy. 56, past the Hanalei Valley Scenic point By the side of the road, under Psidium plant community growing along with Nephrolepis. Common. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 306 Kauai BISH 1973-06-07
11 Microsorum grossum Mokolii Scattered in understory. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041957 Oahu BISH 2005-04-19
12 Microsorum grossum Koloa District Kalaheo, yard of house at 3581 Kaloke Road. Naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 10787 Kauai BISH 2019-06-08
13 Microsorum grossum below Captain Cook steep S. slopes Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611229004 Hawaii BISH 1961-12-29
14 Microsorum grossum Lihue District Hoary Head Range, east of Kipu Kai gate along ridge. Secondary forest dominated by Schinus and Psidium with Psydrax and Alyxia, Blechnum and Oplismenus. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 9241 Kauai BISH 2021-09-07
15 Microsorum grossum Kawainui Ditch Trail Occasional on rocks. Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1575 Oahu BISH 1964-06-28
16 Microsorum grossum Koloa Valley Shady bank. Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3665 Oahu BISH 1933-07-16
17 Microsorum grossum Puna: Kamoamoa On the coast. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2850 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-20
18 Microsorum grossum Mapulehu Valley Rock piles. Preserved_Specimen Oliveira, J.M. Molokai BISH 1936-12-30
19 Microsorum grossum Kuliouou Valley Lantana-covered rocks and banks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9923 Oahu BISH 1935-06-23
20 Microsorum grossum Kahana Valley: On Hauula Mountain Range, along the jeep trail leading to the foot trail, c. 1&2/3 miles from Kamehameha Highway In Pandanus community. On Pandanus trunk, growing along with moss, in shaded areas. Rather rare; fertile. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 120 Oahu BISH 1972-08-11
21 Microsorum grossum Honolulu, C.C.H Sand loam. Preserved_Specimen Aki, J. 2 Oahu BISH 1969-09-22
22 Microsorum grossum Kaueleau, Puna Dist On lava rocks in Pandanus grove Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22284 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-22
23 Microsorum grossum Waianae Mountains, Honouliuli, SE of Puu Kaua, Fire Break Trail In open forest of exotics. One clump by trail. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24690 Oahu BISH 1951-03-18
24 Microsorum grossum Koolau Mountains: east side Kahana Valley, 2 km. above mouth Steep brushy bluff. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13731 Oahu BISH 1937-04-01
25 Microsorum grossum near Chain of Crater's Road Hot area. Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 28 Hawaii BISH 1942-09-03
26 Microsorum grossum Windward Oahu, above Heeia State Park Heavily disturbed secondary vegetation on slope up to and across ridge into cattle pasture on other side. Dominants: Schinus, Schefflera, Leucaena; many alien forbs and vines. Moist, shaded gully in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Staples, G.W. 1165 Oahu BISH 1998-12-20
27 Microsorum grossum Hauula Naturalized in dry region. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 183 Oahu BISH 1923-07-01
28 Microsorum grossum Koolau Mountains: Kaipapau Forest Reserve; Hauula Ridge Shady, moist region. Preserved_Specimen Kitamura, F. Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
29 Microsorum grossum Laie: Mokuauia Island In crevice in coral rock. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14155 Oahu BISH 1937-07-04
30 Microsorum grossum Kailua: NW side of Ulumawao; small gully Bottom of gully, abundant all through immediate vicinity. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13560 Oahu BISH 1937-01-24
31 Microsorum grossum Honolulu In a fern basket. Preserved_Specimen Emory, K.P. Oahu BISH 1923-10-25
32 Microsorum grossum P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley Common on lower, shaded sides of valley Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2321 Kauai BISH 1972-01-11
33 Microsorum grossum Mapulehu Valley near mouth Dry hillside. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13536 Molokai BISH 1936-12-31
34 Microsorum grossum North Molokai: western alope of Manuahi Ridge, SE of Keawanui Secondary forest of Psidium guajava and Schinus, with scattered Pandanus tectorius, Metrosideros and Aleurites, ground cover of Kalanchoe pinnata and Zingiber zerumbet. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5433 Molokai BISH 1987-08-01
35 Microsorum grossum Oahu Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9348 Oahu BISH 1932-11-04
36 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Kapalama; Bishop Museum grounds. Near Pauahi Hall Preserved_Specimen Leu, M. 49 Oahu BISH 1987-11-30
37 Microsorum grossum Oahu Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9347 Oahu BISH 1926-01-17
38 Microsorum grossum Olomana Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2893 Oahu BISH 1924-10-05
39 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 6190 Oahu BISH 1961-10-28
40 Microsorum grossum Kalaupapa; Kauhako crater, SW zone Preserved_Specimen Wysong, M.L. 502 Molokai BISH 2004-12-07
41 Microsorum grossum Wailupe, on west slope of Wailupe Gulch in upper haole koa zone at base of rock outcrop Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37287 Oahu BISH 1937-03-02
42 Microsorum grossum Honolulu, lower Tantalus, 1519 Onele Pl. Preserved_Specimen Ray, G. 13 Oahu BISH 1997-06-01
43 Microsorum grossum Halawa, along road into Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5747 Molokai BISH 1976-03-10
44 Microsorum grossum Puna: Iilewa 1955 lava flow Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) 17181 Hawaii BISH 1958-12-30
45 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus; near Sinclair Library Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 661 Oahu BISH 1967-10-17
46 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2719 Oahu BISH 1923-09-22
47 Microsorum grossum Koolau Range, Tantalus Trail Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 205 Oahu BISH 1944-06-28
48 Microsorum grossum West side of Mauna Loa, Alika flow near Ohia Mill Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3291 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-16
49 Microsorum grossum CCH; outside Rm #27 Preserved_Specimen Robinson, K.D. 62 Oahu BISH 1971-05-08
50 Microsorum grossum North Kona District: Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway), near mile 28. Kaupulehu Preserve Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1277 Hawaii BISH 1985-10-15
51 Microsorum grossum Halawa, along road into Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5747 Molokai BISH 1976-03-10
52 Microsorum grossum Nahua Hau, Hoomaluhia Park, Kaneohe Preserved_Specimen Medbury, S. Oahu BISH 1992-07-17
53 Microsorum grossum Laie: BYU-HC Preserved_Specimen Mace, G. 15 Oahu BISH 1975-04-14
54 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Waikiki; Kalia Preserved_Specimen Octavio, A.M. Oahu BISH 1929-11-24
55 Microsorum grossum BYU-HC farm Preserved_Specimen Oleta Oahu BISH 1980-01-01
56 Microsorum grossum Nahua Hau, Hoomaluhia Park, Kaneohe Preserved_Specimen Medbury, S. Oahu BISH 1992-07-17
57 Microsorum grossum Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
58 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: 1930 Ualakaa Street Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1934-02-13
59 Microsorum grossum Waimano Valley; Waimano Trail Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6104 Oahu BISH 1969-09-13
60 Microsorum grossum Koolau Range: Poamoho Trail Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 48 Oahu BISH 1955-11-20
61 Microsorum grossum Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. Collected near Visitor Center and main ruins Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10320 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
62 Microsorum grossum 1 mile down trail to Moaula Falls car park Preserved_Specimen Vitale, S. 9 Molokai BISH 1983-01-28
63 Microsorum grossum Koolau Mountains: Puu Uau; Keaiwa Heiau Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611104002 Oahu BISH 1961-11-04
64 Microsorum grossum North Kona District: Kaupulehu Preserve, at mile 28 along Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Highway 190), ca. 10 miles east of Kailua-Kona Dry forest over `a`a lava flow, with Diospyros sandwicensis, Santalus paniculatum, Colubrina oppositifolia, etc. Localized populations in shade, NE part of preserve. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7709 Hawaii BISH 1995-09-21
65 Microsorum grossum Roadside, Kokee area Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 853 Kauai BISH 1955-06-19
66 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Kapalama; Bishop Museum grounds Growing in deep shade. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1062 Oahu BISH 1985-06-06
67 Microsorum grossum Hawaii Loa ridge, Southeastern Koolau mountains. Disturbed mesic forest dominated by Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius. Also growing with Nephrolepis exaltata, Sida fallax, Leucobryum gracile, and Pyrrhobryum spiniforme. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 260 Oahu BISH 2022-02-20
68 Microsorum grossum Waimea: Waimea River (lower part) Between rocks in bottom of gulch. Introduced. Preserved_Specimen Duker, K.W. Oahu BISH 1932-11-11
69 Microsorum grossum On Koolau Mountain Range: Along Waimano trail, ca. 0.5 mile from the beginning of the trail Common. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 350 Oahu BISH 1973-06-21
70 Microsorum grossum Waimalu Gulch Sunny bank. Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3716 Oahu BISH 1934-02-22
71 Microsorum grossum Koolau Mountains: Hauula; Kaipapau Forest Reserve; Maakua-Papli Ridge In rain forest growing on the branches of trees. Preserved_Specimen Onouye, R. Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
72 Microsorum grossum East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, around Piilanihale Heiau In remnant Pandanus forest Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2475 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
73 Microsorum grossum East Maui, Hana Naturalized in dry locality. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9346 Maui BISH 1927-08-01
74 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Kapalama; Bishop Museum grounds Growing in deep shade. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1062 Oahu BISH 1985-06-06
75 Microsorum grossum Waimalu District Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7339 Oahu BISH 1934-09-09
76 Microsorum grossum Laie, BYU-HC Grassland; kaloiad clay Preserved_Specimen Wong, A. 1 Oahu BISH 1980-10-18
77 Microsorum grossum Maunawili: Castle estate below Pali Highway Volcanic soil. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 433 Oahu BISH 1973-08-19
78 Microsorum grossum In Koloa Gulch Shaded woods along stream. Abundant along stream banks. On trees, the ground and rocks. Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1740 Oahu BISH 1964-07-12
79 Microsorum grossum Near top of Olomana Needle Naturalized and very common on sun-baked rocks fog-swept at night. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9345 Oahu BISH 1929-03-03
80 Microsorum grossum Old Pali Road beyond the Pali Lookout, now the Mauanawili trail Disturbed forest, moist, shady Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2222 Oahu BISH 2022-02-05
81 Microsorum grossum East Maui, Manawainui Valley exotic grasses, Aleurites and Psidium Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 2260 Maui BISH 1976-06-25
82 Microsorum grossum Waipio: Waipio Trail On mossy banks. Abundantly established. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24005 Hawaii BISH 1950-01-01
83 Microsorum grossum near Haena Undergrowth to 3 feet, beneath Eugenia, Psidium, Cestrum. Also associated with Commelina, Bryophyllum, and assorted grasses. Preserved_Specimen Ishikawa, S. 237 Kauai BISH 1973-04-14
84 Microsorum grossum Kona District: Koolau Mountains; Honolulu Forest Reserve, north of Honolulu. Waahila (St. Louis Heights) Trail, running northeast along Waahila Ridge from Waahile State Park Dry open forest. Terrestrial. Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5344 Oahu BISH 1983-08-28
85 Microsorum grossum Kahana Valley: On the second ridge of Hauula Mountain Range In open grassland. Quite common. Fertile. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 227 Oahu BISH 1972-08-23
86 Microsorum grossum Kahana Valley: On the second ridge of Hauula Mountain Range Growing under octopus plant community. Common; fertile. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 215 Oahu BISH 1972-08-23
87 Microsorum grossum Poamoho Trail, Paalaa-Wahiawa, Koolau Mts Dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Higgins, N.H. 36 Oahu BISH 1955-11-20
88 Microsorum grossum Puu Ku Occasional to common. Part of the summit thicket. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 6042213 Maui BISH 2006-04-22
89 Microsorum grossum Honolulu: Makiki Valley Rocky dry guava-Opuntia Thicket. Very common. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 1531 Oahu BISH 1922-10-30
90 Microsorum grossum BYU-HC: BUY-HC Farm Kaolite clay, Preserved_Specimen Betham, R.F. 10 Oahu BISH 1980-10-12
91 Microsorum grossum Punaluu Sandy beach soil. Preserved_Specimen Shinohara, B. 78 Oahu BISH 1946-12-01
92 Microsorum grossum Kahana Valley: On Hauula Mountain Range. Walking off the foot trail at the end of the jeep trail, around the ridge Rather common in shaded areas, on roots of Pandanus. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 166 Oahu BISH 1972-08-16
93 Microsorum grossum North Halawa Gulch Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3713 Oahu BISH 1934-02-11
94 Microsorum grossum Koolau Range: Nuuanu-Pauoa Ridge Growing at the base of a small basalt bank. Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 218 Oahu BISH 1947-09-28
95 Microsorum grossum Located down Chain or Craters Road about 28.5 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 0.2 miles before Queens Bath. Plant was about .25 miles up the Royal Estates Road, not far from HVNP boundary. (plot 27) Mixed lowland scrub community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 137 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
96 Microsorum grossum Kuliouou Thick brush. Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3689 Oahu BISH 1933-10-29
97 Microsorum grossum Located down Chain of Craters Road about 28.5 miles toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 0.2 miles before Queens Bath. Plant was about .25 miles up the Royal Estates Road, not far from HVNP boundary. (plot 27) MIxed lowland scrub community Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 138 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
98 Microsorum grossum Kuliouou Many hectares covered as Microsorum grossum, Psidium cattleyanum duoculture. Full sun, very dry hillside. No native plants in sight. Preserved_Specimen Arthur, K. 55 Oahu BISH 2025-02-07
99 Microsorum grossum East Maui, Hana District, Nuanualoa Gulch On moist bank, near roadside. Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 99 Maui BISH 1952-12-27
100 Microsorum grossum Makaleha Valley: Makaleha Stream Climbing on trees along stream side Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 2368 Kauai BISH 1993-02-27
101 Microsorum grossum Kipahulu roadsides Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1778 Maui BISH 1919-12-09
102 Microsorum grossum Kuliouou Valley Lantana-covered rocks and banks. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9923 Oahu BISH 1935-06-23
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